The learning reference link for ES6

Official documents

• ECMAScript ® 2015 Language: Specification ECMAScript 2015 specifications
• ECMAScript ® 2016 Language: SPECIFICATION ECMAScript 2016 specifications
• ECMAScript ® 2017 Language: ECMAScript 2017 Specification (Draft)
• ECMAScript Current Proposals: All current ECMAScript proposals
• ECMAScript Active Proposals: Proposals that have entered the formal process
• ECMAScript Proposals: A list of all proposals from stage 0 to stage 4
• TC39 meeting agendas: Minutes of meetings of the TC39 Committee over the years
• ECMAScript Daily: TC39 Committee Update
• The TC39 Process: Proposals go into the formal specification process
• TC39: A Process Sketch, Stages 0 and 1: What Stage 0 and Stage 1 mean
• TC39 Process Sketch, Stage 2: What Stage 2 means

A comprehensive presentation

• Axel Rauschmayer, Exploring ES6: A monograph by Upgrade to the next version of JavaScript: ES6, from which many of the code examples of this book come
• Sayanee Basu, Use ECMAScript 6 Today
• Ariya Hidayat, Toward Modern Web Apps with ECMAScript 6
• Dale Schouten, 10 Ecmascript-6 tricks you can perform right now
• Colin Toh, Lightweight ES6 Features That Pack A Punch: Introduction to some of ES6's "lightweight" features
• Domenic Denicola, ES6: The Awesome Parts
• Nicholas C. Zakas, Understanding ECMAScript 6
• Justin Drake, ECMAScript 6 in Node.JS
• Ryan Dao, Summary of ECMAScript 6 major features
• Luke Hoban, ES6 features: List of ES6 new syntax points
• Traceur-compiler, Language Features: Some examples of ES6 listed in the Traceur documentation
• Axel Rauschmayer, ECMAScript 6: What's next for JavaScript?: There are many examples of a comprehensive introduction to the new syntax of ES6
• Axel Rauschmayer, Getting Started with ECMAScript 6: A comprehensive introduction to ES6 syntax points
• Toby Ho, ES6 in io.js
• Guillermo Rauch, ECMAScript 6
• Benjamin De Cock, Frontend Guidelines: ES6 Best Practices
• Jani Hartikainen, ES6: What are the benefits of the new features in practice?
• kangax, JavaScript quiz. ES6 edition: ES6 Test
• Jeremy Fairbank, HTML5DevConf ES7 and Beyond! : Introduction to ES7's new syntax points
• Timothy Gu, How to Read the ECMAScript Specification: How to read ES6 specifications

3. let and const

• Kyle Simpson, For and against let: Discusses the scope of the let command
• Kangax, Why typeof is no longer "safe": Discusses the behavior of variable declarations and assignments of the let command within a block-level scope
• Axel Rauschmayer, Variables and scoping in ECMAScript 6: Discuss block-level scopes with let and const behavior
• Nicolas Bevacqua, ES6 Let, Const and the “Temporal Dead Zone” (TDZ) in Depth
• acorn, Function statements in strict mode: The effect of block-level scopes on function declarations in strict patterns
• Axel Rauschmayer, ES Proposal: Global : Top Object global
• Mathias Bynens, A horrifying globalThis polyfill in universal JavaScript: How to write a shim library of globalThis

4. Deconstruct the assignment

• Nick Fitzgerald, Destructuring Assignment in ECMAScript 6: Details of the use of deconstructing assignments
• Nicholas C. Zakas, ECMAScript 6 destructuring gotcha

5. String

• Nicholas C. Zakas, A critical review of ECMAScript 6 quasi-literals
• Mozilla Developer Network, Template strings
• Addy Osmani, Getting Literal With ES6 Template Strings: Introduction to Template Strings
• Blake Winton, ES6 Templates: Introduction to template strings
• Peter Jaszkowiak, How to write a template template compiler in JavaScript: Use a template string to compile a function
• Axel Rauschmayer, ES.stage3: string padding

6. The rules

• Mathias Bynens, Unicode-aware regular expressions in ES6: Details of the u modifier for regular expressions
• Axel Rauschmayer, New regular expression features in ECMAScript 6:ES6 regular feature details
• Yang Guo, RegExp lookbehind assertions: Introduction to post-line assertions
• Axel Rauschmayer, ES Proposal: RegExp named capture groups: Introduction to named group matching
• Mathias Bynens, ECMAScript regular expressions are getting better!: Introduces the multiple regular syntax added by ES2018

7. Values

• Nicolas Bevacqua, ES6 Number Improvements in Depth
• Axel Rauschmayer, ES proposal: arbitrary precision integers
• Mathias Bynens, BigInt: arbitrary-precision integers in JavaScript

8. Array

• Axel Rauschmayer, ECMAScript 6's new array methods: A comprehensive introduction to the new array methods for ES6
• TC39, Array.prototype.includes : Specifications for the array's includes method
• Axel Rauschmayer, ECMAScript 6: Holes in Arrays: Array's emptying problem

9. Functions

• Nicholas C. Zakas, Understanding ECMAScript 6 arrow functions
• Jack Franklin, Real Life ES6 - Arrow Functions
• Axel Rauschmayer, Handling required parameters in ECMAScript 6
• Dmitry Soshnikov, ES6 Notes: Default values of the parameters: Introduces the default values of the parameters
• Ragan Wald, Destructuring and Recursion in ES6: Detailed description of rest parameters and extension operators
• Axel Rauschmayer, The names of functions in ES6: A detailed description of the name property of the function
• Kyle Simpson, Arrow This: The Arrow function does not have its own this
• Derick Bailey, Do ES6 Arrow Functions Really Solve “this” In JavaScript? : Use the arrow function to handle this pointing, you must be very careful
• Mark McDonnell, Understanding Recursion in functional JavaScript programming: How to achieve tail recursive optimization on your own
• Nicholas C. Zakas, The ECMAScript 2016 change you probably don't know: Strict mode cannot be explicitly turned on inside functions when using parameter defaults
• Axel Rauschmayer, ES proposal: optional catch binding
• Cynthia Lee, When you should use ES6 arrow functions - and when you shouldn't: Discuss the application of arrow functions
• Eric Elliott, What is this? : The explanation of this inside the arrow function.

10. Object

• Addy Osmani, Data-binding Revolutions with Object.observe(): Introduces the concept of Object.observe().
• Sella Rafaeli, Native JavaScript Data-Binding: How to use the Object.observe method to implement two-way binding of data objects to DOM objects
• Axel Rauschmayer, proto in ECMAScript 6
• Axel Rauschmayer, Enumerability in ECMAScript 6
• Axel Rauschmayer, ES proposal: Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors()
• TC39, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors Proposal
• David Titarenco, How Spread Syntax Breaks JavaScript: Some unreasonable things about extending operators

11. Symbol

• Axel Rauschmayer, Symbols in ECMAScript 6 : Introduction to Symbol
• MDN, Symbol: A detailed description of the Symbol type
• Jason Orendorff, ES6 In Depth: Symbols
• Keith Cirkel, Metaprogramming in ES6: Symbols and whys're awesome: An in-depth introduction to Symbol
• Axel Rauschmayer, Customizing ES6 via well-known symbols
• Derick Bailey, Creating A True Singleton In Node.js, With ES6 Symbols
• Das Surma, How to read web specs Part IIa - Or: ECMAScript Symbols: Introduction to Symbol's specifications

12. Set and Map

• Mozilla Developer Network, WeakSet: Introduction to the WeakSet data structure
• Dwayne Charrington, What Are Weakmaps In ES6? : Introduction to WeakMap Data Structure
• Axel Rauschmayer, ECMAScript 6: Maps and sets: A detailed description of the Set and Map structures
• Jason Orendorff, ES6 In Depth: Collections: Design ideas for Set and Map structures
• Axel Rauschmayer, Converting ES6 Maps to and from JSON: How to transform Map with other data structures

13. Proxy and Reflect

• Nicholas C. Zakas, Creating defensive objects with ES6 proxies
• Axel Rauschmayer, Meta programming with ECMAScript 6 proxies: Proxy details
• Daniel Zautner, Meta-programming JavaScript Using Proxies: Metaprogramming with Proxy
• Tom Van Cutsem, Harmony-reflect : Design purposes for Reflect objects
• Tom Van Cutsem, Proxy Traps Proxy: A list of interception operations
• Tom Van Cutsem, Reflect API
• Tom Van Cutsem, Proxy Handler API
• Nicolas Bevacqua, ES6 Proxies in Depth
• Nicolas Bevacqua, ES6 Proxy Traps in Depth
• Nicolas Bevacqua, More ES6 Proxy Traps in Depth
• Axel Rauschmayer, Pitfall: not all objects can be wrapped transparently by proxies
• Bertalan Miklos, Writing a JavaScript Framework - Data Binding with ES6 Proxies: Implement observer mode using Proxy
• Keith Cirkel, Metaprogramming in ES6: Part 2 - Reflect: Details of the Reflect API

14. Promise object

• Jake Archibald, JavaScript Promises: There and back again
• Jake Archibald, Tasks, microtasks, queues and schedules
• Tilde, rsvp.js
• Sandeep Panda, An Overview of JavaScript Promises: Introduction to ES6 Promise Getting Started
• Dave Atchley, ES6 Promises: Introduction to Promise's syntax
• Axel Rauschmayer, ECMAScript 6 Promises (2/2): The API: A detailed description of ES6 Promise specifications and usage
• Jack Franklin, Embracing Promises in JavaScript: Example of the catch method
• Ronald Chen, How to escape Promise Hell: Some good examples of how to use the Promise.all method
• Jordan Harband, proposal-promise-try: Proposal for the Promise.try() approach
• Sven Slootweg, What is Promise.try, and why does it matter?: The benefits of the Promise.try() approach
• Yehuda Katz, TC39: Promises, Promises: Use of Promise.try().

15. Iterator

• Mozilla Developer Network, Iterators and generators
• Mozilla Developer Network, The Iterator protocol
• Jason Orendorff, ES6 In Depth: Iterators and the for-of loop : traverser with for... An introduction to the loop
• Axel Rauschmayer, Iterators and Generators in ECMAScript 6: Explore the design purposes of Iterator and Generator
• Axel Rauschmayer, Iterables and Iterators in ECMAScript 6: Details of Iterator
• Kyle Simpson, Iterating ES6 Numbers: Deploy traversers on numeric objects

16. Generator

• Matt Baker, Replacing callbacks with ES6 Generators
• Steven Sanderson, Experiments with Koa and JavaScript Generators
• jmar777, What's the Big Deal with Generators?
• Marc Harter, Generators in .js: Common Miscons and Three Good Use Cases: Discuss the role of generator functions
• StackOverflow, ES6 yield : What ifs to the arguments of the first call next()?: The next method cannot be used with parameters for the first time
• Kyle Simpson, ES6 Generators: Complete Series: A series of four articles exploring Generator from a shallow depth
• Gajus Kuizinas, The Definitive Guide to The JavaScript Generators: A comprehensive introduction to Generator
• Jan Krems, Generators Are Like Arrays: Discussion generators can be viewed as data structures
• Harold Cooper, Coroutine Event Loops in JavaScript: Generator for implementing state machines
• Ruslan Ismagilov, learn-generators: Programming exercises for 6 questions
• Steven Sanderson, Project with Koa and JavaScript Generators: Introduction to Generator, take the Koa framework as an example
• Mahdi Dibaiee, ES7 Array and Generator comprehensions: Generator inference of ES7
• Nicolas Bevacqua, ES6 Generators in Depth
• Axel Rauschmayer, ES6 generators in depth : A detailed explanation of Generator specifications
• Derick Bailey, Using ES6 Generators To Short-Circuit System Data Iteration: Using for... The of loop completes the scheduled steps

17. Asynchronous operations and Async functions

• Luke Hoban, Async Functions for ECMAScript: Design ideas for Async functions, relationships with Promise, Gernerator functions
• Jafar Husain, Astron Generators for ES7: In-depth discussion of Async functions
• Nolan Lawson, Taming the astron beast with ES7: a popular example of the async function
• Jafar Husain, Async Generators: Some discussions about the mixing of async and Generator
• Daniel Brain, Understand promises before you start using async/await: Discuss the relationship between async/await and Promise
• Jake Archibald, Async functions - making promises friendly
• Axel Rauschmayer, ES proposal: asynchronous iteration: A detailed description of the asynchronous traverser
• Dima Grossman, How to write async await try without-catch blocks in JavaScript: Methods for catching errors inside async functions other than try/catch
• Mostafa Gaafa, 6 Reasons Why JavaScript's Async/Await Blows Promises Away: 6 benefits of async functions
• Mathias Bynens, Asynchronous stack traces: why await beats s Promise(then): The async function preserves the error stack

18. Class

• Sebastian Porto, ES6 classes and JavaScript prototypes: ES6 Class is written in contrast to ES5 Prototype
• Jack Franklin, Introduction to ES6 classes: Introduction to ES6 class
• Axel Rauschmayer, ECMAScript 6: new OOP features besides classes
• Axel Rauschmayer, Classes in ECMAScript 6 (final semantics): Detailed introduction to Class syntax and analysis of design ideas
• Eric Faust, ES6 In Depth: Subclassing : An in-depth introduction to class syntax
• Nicolás Bevacqua, Binding Methods to Class Instance Objects: How to bind this in an instance of a class
• Jamie Kyle, JavaScript's new #private class fields: an introduction to private properties.
• Mathias Bynens, Public and private class fields: Introduction to the new writing of instance properties.

19. Decorator

• Maximiliano Fierro, Publicity vs Imperative: Decorators and Mixin
• Justin Fagnani, "Real" Mixins with JavaScript Classes: Use class inheritance to implement Mixin
• Addy Osmani, Exploring ES2016 Decorators: An in-depth introduction to Decorator
• Sebastian McKenzie, Allow decorators for functions as well: Why decorators cannot be used for functions
• Maximiliano Fierro, Traits with ES7 Decorators: Introduction to The Use of Trait
• Jonathan Creamer: Using ES2016 Decorators to Publish on an Event Event: Automatic publishing events using decorators

20. Module

• Jack Franklin, JavaScript Modules the ES6 Way: Getting started with the ES6 module
• Axel Rauschmayer, ECMAScript 6 modules: Introduction to the final syntax: ES6 module and detailed comparison with CommonJS specifications
• Dave Herman, Static module resolution: static design ideas for ES6 modules
• Jason Orendorff, ES6 In Depth: Modules: Introduction to ES6 Module Design Ideas
• Ben Newman, The Importance of import and export: Design ideas for the ES6 module
• ESDiscuss, Why is "export default var a = 1;" invalid syntax?
• Bradley Meck, ES6 Module Interoperability: Describes how Node handles ES6 syntax loading CommonJS modules
• Axel Rauschmayer, Making transpiled ES modules more spec-compliant: Details of the ES6 module compiled into a CommonJS module
• Axel Rauschmayer, ES proposal: import() - Dynamic importing ES modules: use of import().
• Node EPS, ES Module Interoperability: Node's handling specifications for ES6 modules

21. Binary array

• Ilmari Heikkinen, Typed Arrays: Binary Data in the Browser
• Khronos, Typed Array Specification
• Ian Elliot, Reading A BMP File In JavaScript
• Renato Mangini, How to convert ArrayBuffer to and from String
• Axel Rauschmayer, Typed Arrays in ECMAScript 6
• Axel Rauschmayer, ES proposal: Shared memory and atomics
• Lin Clark, Avoiding race conditions in SharedArrayBuffers with Atomics : The explanation of Atomics object uses scenes
• Lars T Hansen, Shared memory - a brief tutorial
• James Milner, The Return of SharedArrayBuffers and Atomics

22. SIMD

• TC39, SIMD.js Stage 2
• MDN, SIMD
• TC39, ECMAScript SIMD
• Axel Rauschmayer, JavaScript gains support for SIMD

23. Tools

• Babel, Babel Handbook : Babel usage
• Google, traceur-compiler : Traceur Compiler
• Casper Beyer, ECMAScript 6 Features and Tools
• Stoyan Stefanov, Writing ES6 today with jstransform
• ES6 Module Loader, ES6 Module Loader Polyfill: Load a library of ES6 modules in the browser and node.js, with detailed explanations of the ES6 modules in the documentation
• Paul Miller, es6-shim : A gasket library for older browsers that simulates some of the features of ES6 (shim)
• army8735, JavaScript Downcast: Home-made ES6 to ES5 transcoders
• esnext, ES6 Module Transpiler: a command-.js tool for converting ES6 modules into ES5 code based on node-based software
• Sebastian McKenzie, Babel JS: ES6 Translator
• SystemJS, SystemJS: A gasket library of AMD, CJS, ES6 modules loaded in the browser
• Modernizr, HTML5 Cross Browser Polyfills: ES6 Shim Library List
• Facebook, regenerator: Turn generator functions into transcoders for ES5