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Which is database abstraction layer does the doctrine orm use?


Asked by Whitley Velez on Dec 02, 2021 FAQ



To read more about the Doctrine ORM, see " Databases and the Doctrine ORM ". The Doctrine Database Abstraction Layer (DBAL) is an abstraction layer that sits on top of PDO and offers an intuitive and flexible API for communicating with the most popular relational databases.
Besides,
The Doctrine 2 database layer can be used independently of the object-relational mapper. In order to use the DBAL all you need is the class loader provided by Composer, to be able to autoload the classes:
Also Know, A database abstraction layer is an application programming interface which unifies the communication between a computer application and databases such as SQL Server, DB2, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle or SQLite.
Accordingly,
The Doctrine database abstraction & access layer (DBAL) offers a lightweight and thin runtime layer around a PDO-like API and a lot of additional, horizontal features like database schema introspection and manipulation through an OO API.
Also,
The fact that the Doctrine DBAL abstracts the concrete PDO API away through the use of interfaces that closely resemble the existing PDO API makes it possible to implement custom drivers that may use existing native or self-made APIs. For example, the DBAL ships with a driver for Oracle databases that uses the oci8 extension under the hood.