C-inheritance

The C#inherits

Base and derived classes

A derived class can have only one direct base class, but a base class can have more than one direct derived class. I nheritance can be passed. W hen you define a class to derive from another class, the derived class implicitly gets all members of the base class except its constructors and finalizers. D erived classes can therefore reuse the code in the base class without having to re-implement it. I n a derived class, you can add more members. In this way, derived classes extend the functionality of the base class.

The syntax for creating derived classes in C# is as follows:

<acess-specifier> class <base_class>
{
 ...
}
class <derived_class> : <base_class>
{
 ...
}

Suppose you have a base class, Shape, whose derived class is Rectangle:

using System;
namespace InheritanceApplication
{
   class Shape 
   {
      public void setWidth(int w)
      {
         width = w;
      }
      public void setHeight(int h)
      {
         height = h;
      }
      protected int width;
      protected int height;
   }

   // 派生类
   class Rectangle: Shape
   {
      public int getArea()
      { 
         return (width * height); 
      }
   }
   
   class RectangleTester
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         Rectangle Rect = new Rectangle();

         Rect.setWidth(5);
         Rect.setHeight(7);

         // 打印对象的面积
         Console.WriteLine("总面积： {0}",  Rect.getArea());
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following results:

总面积： 35

Initialization of the base class

The derived class inherits the member variables and member methods of the base class. T he parent class object should therefore be created before the child class object is created. You can initialize the parent class in the member initialization list.

The following program demonstrates this:

using System;
namespace RectangleApplication
{
   class Rectangle
   {
      // 成员变量
      protected double length;
      protected double width;
      public Rectangle(double l, double w)
      {
         length = l;
         width = w;
      }
      public double GetArea()
      {
         return length * width;
      }
      public void Display()
      {
         Console.WriteLine("长度： {0}", length);
         Console.WriteLine("宽度： {0}", width);
         Console.WriteLine("面积： {0}", GetArea());
      }
   }//end class Rectangle  
   class Tabletop : Rectangle
   {
      private double cost;
      public Tabletop(double l, double w) : base(l, w)
      { }
      public double GetCost()
      {
         double cost;
         cost = GetArea() * 70;
         return cost;
      }
      public void Display()
      {
         base.Display();
         Console.WriteLine("成本： {0}", GetCost());
      }
   }
   class ExecuteRectangle
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         Tabletop t = new Tabletop(4.5, 7.5);
         t.Display();
         Console.ReadLine();
      }
   }
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following results:

长度： 4.5
宽度： 7.5
面积： 33.75
成本： 2362.5

Multiple inheritances

Multi-inheritance is not supported by C# . H owever, you can use interfaces to implement multiple inheritances. The following program demonstrates this:

using System;
namespace InheritanceApplication
{
   class Shape 
   {
      public void setWidth(int w)
      {
         width = w;
      }
      public void setHeight(int h)
      {
         height = h;
      }
      protected int width;
      protected int height;
   }

   // 基类 PaintCost
   public interface PaintCost 
   {
      int getCost(int area);

   }
   // 派生类
   class Rectangle : Shape, PaintCost
   {
      public int getArea()
      {
         return (width * height);
      }
      public int getCost(int area)
      {
         return area * 70;
      }
   }
   class RectangleTester
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         Rectangle Rect = new Rectangle();
         int area;
         Rect.setWidth(5);
         Rect.setHeight(7);
         area = Rect.getArea();
         // 打印对象的面积
         Console.WriteLine("总面积： {0}",  Rect.getArea());
         Console.WriteLine("油漆总成本： ${0}" , Rect.getCost(area));
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following results:

总面积： 35
油漆总成本： $2450