What's the difference between rust flakes and rust scales?

Rust scale is still a part of the metal but it has "bubbled up" or changed significantly into a crumbly texture, and rust flakes are the castoff, well, flakes of rust. I think you can have flaking that is still partially attached.
In respect to this, which is correct rust scale or rust flakes?
Rust scale (no plural "s") is a common term for rust that appears on the surface of something. This is why if you google the two terms you get rust and scale removal. So I would suggest if talking about rust, then stick with flakes!
In fact, what causes steel to rust in thick flakes? When the steel corrodes this structure causes oxidisation to propagate along the grain boundaries known as Lamellar Corrosion or more commonly ‘pancake rusting’. Iron oxide can expand between 7 and 11 times its original thickness and as the oxide expands it forces the grain structure apart into layers of corrosion.
In addition, what does mill scale rust and coating mean?
As a corrosion professional and a coating formulating chemist, I feel that I have the obligation to write this note - Mill Scale, Rust, and Coating 101. Mill scale is the flaky surface of hot worked steel and is one of the wastes generated in steel plants, representing around 2 % of the produced steel.
In this manner, why are the different colors of rust different?
Patinas can produce many different hues, shades, and colors because the chemical composition of each patina is unique to the alloy and its exposure to the elements. Rust refers to the oxides formed on iron and steel: the brown, black, and distinctive flaky red elements of rusted iron and steel are different types of ferrous oxide.

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