The java reflection mechanism is analyzed in depth
May 10, 2021 Java
Table of contents
1. The relevant API of the reflection mechanism
2. An example of the application of the shooting mechanism
3. The advantages and disadvantages of using java reflection
A very important concept in java development is the java reflection mechanism, which is also one of the important features of java. rily to the ability of a program to access, detect, and modify its own state or behavior on. /b12> Java usually has a class and then an object, an object can call a method or property, and the reflection in java actually calls the method inside the class through a Class object. /b13> Master the knowledge of reflection, in order to better learn java advanced courses.
Introduction to Reflections:
Mainly refers to the program can access, detect and modify its own state or behavior of a ability, and according to the state and results of its own behavior, adjust or modify the application described behavior of the state and related semantics.
A class has several components, such as member variables, methods, construction methods,
and so on, and reflection is loading the
class and dissecting the components of the class.
The reflection mechanism mainly provides the following functions:
(1) to judge the class to which any object belongs at runtime;
(2) constructing objects of any class at runtime;
(3) to judge the member variables and methods of any class at runtime;
(4) calling the method of any object at runtime;
(5) Generate dynamic agents.
(2) constructing objects of any class at runtime;
(3) to judge the member variables and methods of any class at runtime;
(4) calling the method of any object at runtime;
(5) Generate dynamic agents.
Reflections and effects in java:
Suppose you have two programmers, one who writes a program using a class written by the second programmer, but the second programmer does not complete the class he writes. T
hen the first programmer's code cannot be compiled.
At this point, the Java reflection mechanism allows the first programmer to compile his own code without getting the class written by the second programmer.
Java's reflection mechanism knows the basic structure of a class, the ability to probe the structure of a Java class, which we call "self-examination" of Java classes. A s in eclipse, with a click, the compilation tool automatically lists all the methods and properties that the object can use for the user to choose from. This is the principle of using Java reflection, is to create objects for our exploration, self-examination.
Java's reflection mechanism knows the basic structure of a class, the ability to probe the structure of a Java class, which we call "self-examination" of Java classes. A s in eclipse, with a click, the compilation tool automatically lists all the methods and properties that the object can use for the user to choose from. This is the principle of using Java reflection, is to create objects for our exploration, self-examination.
What classes are in the java reflection mechanism:
java.lang.Class;
java.lang.reflect.Constructor; java.lang.reflect.Field;
java.lang.reflect.Method;
java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
The relevant API of the reflection mechanism
Get the full package name and class name from an object:
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
TestReflect testReflect = new TestReflect();
System.out.println(testReflect.getClass().getName());
// 结果 net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect
}
}Instantize class objects
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> class1 = null;
Class<?> class2 = null;
Class<?> class3 = null;
// 一般采用这种形式
class1 = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect");
class2 = new TestReflect().getClass();
class3 = TestReflect.class;
System.out.println("类名称 " + class1.getName());
System.out.println("类名称 " + class2.getName());
System.out.println("类名称 " + class3.getName());
}
}
Gets the interface between the parent class of an object and the implementation
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class TestReflect implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2862585049955236662L;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect");
// 取得父类
Class<?> parentClass = clazz.getSuperclass();
System.out.println("clazz的父类为：" + parentClass.getName());
// clazz的父类为： java.lang.Object
// 获取所有的接口
Class<?> intes[] = clazz.getInterfaces();
System.out.println("clazz实现的接口有：");
for (int i = 0; i < intes.length; i++) {
System.out.println((i + 1) + "：" + intes[i].getName());
}
// clazz实现的接口有：
// 1：java.io.Serializable
}
}
Instantizes an object of a class through a reflection mechanism
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> class1 = null;
class1 = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.User");
// 第一种方法，实例化默认构造方法，调用set赋值
User user = (User) class1.newInstance();
user.setAge(20);
user.setName("Rollen");
System.out.println(user);
// 结果 User [age=20, name=Rollen]
// 第二种方法 取得全部的构造函数 使用构造函数赋值
Constructor<?> cons[] = class1.getConstructors();
// 查看每个构造方法需要的参数
for (int i = 0; i < cons.length; i++) {
Class<?> clazzs[] = cons[i].getParameterTypes();
System.out.print("cons[" + i + "] (");
for (int j = 0; j < clazzs.length; j++) {
if (j == clazzs.length - 1)
System.out.print(clazzs[j].getName());
else
System.out.print(clazzs[j].getName() + ",");
}
System.out.println(")");
}
// 结果
// cons[0] (java.lang.String)
// cons[1] (int,java.lang.String)
// cons[2] ()
user = (User) cons[0].newInstance("Rollen");
System.out.println(user);
// 结果 User [age=0, name=Rollen]
user = (User) cons[1].newInstance(20, "Rollen");
System.out.println(user);
// 结果 User [age=20, name=Rollen]
}
}
class User {
private int age;
private String name;
public User() {
super();
}
public User(String name) {
super();
this.name = name;
}
public User(int age, String name) {
super();
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [age=" + age + ", name=" + name + "]";
}
}
Gets all the properties of a class
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
public class TestReflect implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2862585049955236662L;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect");
System.out.println("===============本类属性===============");
// 取得本类的全部属性
Field[] field = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
for (int i = 0; i < field.length; i++) {
// 权限修饰符
int mo = field[i].getModifiers();
String priv = Modifier.toString(mo);
// 属性类型
Class<?> type = field[i].getType();
System.out.println(priv + " " + type.getName() + " " + field[i].getName() + ";");
}
System.out.println("==========实现的接口或者父类的属性==========");
// 取得实现的接口或者父类的属性
Field[] filed1 = clazz.getFields();
for (int j = 0; j < filed1.length; j++) {
// 权限修饰符
int mo = filed1[j].getModifiers();
String priv = Modifier.toString(mo);
// 属性类型
Class<?> type = filed1[j].getType();
System.out.println(priv + " " + type.getName() + " " + filed1[j].getName() + ";");
}
}
}
Get all the methods for a class
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
public class TestReflect implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2862585049955236662L;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect");
Method method[] = clazz.getMethods();
for (int i = 0; i < method.length; ++i) {
Class<?> returnType = method[i].getReturnType();
Class<?> para[] = method[i].getParameterTypes();
int temp = method[i].getModifiers();
System.out.print(Modifier.toString(temp) + " ");
System.out.print(returnType.getName() + " ");
System.out.print(method[i].getName() + " ");
System.out.print("(");
for (int j = 0; j < para.length; ++j) {
System.out.print(para[j].getName() + " " + "arg" + j);
if (j < para.length - 1) {
System.out.print(",");
}
}
Class<?> exce[] = method[i].getExceptionTypes();
if (exce.length > 0) {
System.out.print(") throws ");
for (int k = 0; k < exce.length; ++k) {
System.out.print(exce[k].getName() + " ");
if (k < exce.length - 1) {
System.out.print(",");
}
}
} else {
System.out.print(")");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
A method of a class is called through a reflection mechanism
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect");
// 调用TestReflect类中的reflect1方法
Method method = clazz.getMethod("reflect1");
method.invoke(clazz.newInstance());
// Java 反射机制 - 调用某个类的方法1.
// 调用TestReflect的reflect2方法
method = clazz.getMethod("reflect2", int.class, String.class);
method.invoke(clazz.newInstance(), 20, "张三");
// Java 反射机制 - 调用某个类的方法2.
// age -> 20. name -> 张三
}
public void reflect1() {
System.out.println("Java 反射机制 - 调用某个类的方法1.");
}
public void reflect2(int age, String name) {
System.out.println("Java 反射机制 - 调用某个类的方法2.");
System.out.println("age -> " + age + ". name -> " + name);
}
}
The properties of a class are operated through a reflection mechanism
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class TestReflect {
private String proprety = null;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect");
Object obj = clazz.newInstance();
// 可以直接对 private 的属性赋值
Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("proprety");
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(obj, "Java反射机制");
System.out.println(field.get(obj));
}
}
Dynamic proxy for the reflection mechanism
// 获取类加载器的方法
TestReflect testReflect = new TestReflect();
System.out.println("类加载器 " + testReflect.getClass().getClassLoader().getClass().getName());
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
//定义项目接口
interface Subject {
public String say(String name, int age);
}
// 定义真实项目
class RealSubject implements Subject {
public String say(String name, int age) {
return name + " " + age;
}
}
class MyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
private Object obj = null;
public Object bind(Object obj) {
this.obj = obj;
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(obj.getClass().getClassLoader(), obj.getClass().getInterfaces(), this);
}
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
Object temp = method.invoke(this.obj, args);
return temp;
}
}
/**
* 在java中有三种类类加载器。
*
* 1）Bootstrap ClassLoader 此加载器采用c++编写，一般开发中很少见。
*
* 2）Extension ClassLoader 用来进行扩展类的加载，一般对应的是jrelibext目录中的类
*
* 3）AppClassLoader 加载classpath指定的类，是最常用的加载器。同时也是java中默认的加载器。
*
* 如果想要完成动态代理，首先需要定义一个InvocationHandler接口的子类，已完成代理的具体操作。
*
* @author xsoftlab.net
*
*/
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
MyInvocationHandler demo = new MyInvocationHandler();
Subject sub = (Subject) demo.bind(new RealSubject());
String info = sub.say("Rollen", 20);
System.out.println(info);
}
}
An example of the application of the shooting mechanism
Store a String-type object in TherayList, which is generic to Integer
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Method method = list.getClass().getMethod("add", Object.class);
method.invoke(list, "Java反射机制实例。");
System.out.println(list.get(0));
}
}
The information of the array is obtained and modified by reflection
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int[] temp = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
Class<?> demo = temp.getClass().getComponentType();
System.out.println("数组类型： " + demo.getName());
System.out.println("数组长度 " + Array.getLength(temp));
System.out.println("数组的第一个元素: " + Array.get(temp, 0));
Array.set(temp, 0, 100);
System.out.println("修改之后数组第一个元素为： " + Array.get(temp, 0));
}
}
The size of the array is modified by the reflection mechanism
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int[] temp = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
int[] newTemp = (int[]) arrayInc(temp, 15);
print(newTemp);
String[] atr = { "a", "b", "c" };
String[] str1 = (String[]) arrayInc(atr, 8);
print(str1);
}
// 修改数组大小
public static Object arrayInc(Object obj, int len) {
Class<?> arr = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
Object newArr = Array.newInstance(arr, len);
int co = Array.getLength(obj);
System.arraycopy(obj, 0, newArr, 0, co);
return newArr;
}
// 打印
public static void print(Object obj) {
Class<?> c = obj.getClass();
if (!c.isArray()) {
return;
}
System.out.println("数组长度为： " + Array.getLength(obj));
for (int i = 0; i < Array.getLength(obj); i++) {
System.out.print(Array.get(obj, i) + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
Apply the reflection mechanism to factory mode
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
interface fruit {
public abstract void eat();
}
class Apple implements fruit {
public void eat() {
System.out.println("Apple");
}
}
class Orange implements fruit {
public void eat() {
System.out.println("Orange");
}
}
class Factory {
public static fruit getInstance(String ClassName) {
fruit f = null;
try {
f = (fruit) Class.forName(ClassName).newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return f;
}
}
/**
* 对于普通的工厂模式当我们在添加一个子类的时候，就需要对应的修改工厂类。 当我们添加很多的子类的时候，会很麻烦。
* Java 工厂模式可以参考
* http://baike.xsoftlab.net/view/java-factory-pattern
*
* 现在我们利用反射机制实现工厂模式，可以在不修改工厂类的情况下添加任意多个子类。
*
* 但是有一点仍然很麻烦，就是需要知道完整的包名和类名，这里可以使用properties配置文件来完成。
*
* java 读取 properties 配置文件 的方法可以参考
* http://baike.xsoftlab.net/view/java-read-the-properties-configuration-file
*
* @author xsoftlab.net
*/
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
fruit f = Factory.getInstance("net.xsoftlab.baike.Apple");
if (f != null) {
f.eat();
}
}
}
The advantages and disadvantages of using java reflection
Although reflection is very flexible, can make the code written, become a large reduction, so when using, we must pay attention to the specific application scenario, the advantages and disadvantages of reflection are as follows:
Advantages:
(1) The ability to dynamically obtain instances of classes at runtime greatly improves the flexibility and scalability of the system.
(2) Combined with Java dynamic compilation, you can achieve extremely powerful features
Disadvantages:
(1) The performance of using reflection is low
(2) The use of reflection is relatively unsafe
(3) The encapsulation of the class is destroyed, and the private methods and properties of the class can be obtained by reflection
Everything, there are two sides, the advantages of reflection, but also its shortcomings, so, there is no good or bad, only the most suitable scene.
(1) The ability to dynamically obtain instances of classes at runtime greatly improves the flexibility and scalability of the system.
(2) Combined with Java dynamic compilation, you can achieve extremely powerful features
Disadvantages:
(1) The performance of using reflection is low
(2) The use of reflection is relatively unsafe
(3) The encapsulation of the class is destroyed, and the private methods and properties of the class can be obtained by reflection
Everything, there are two sides, the advantages of reflection, but also its shortcomings, so, there is no good or bad, only the most suitable scene.