SQL AND, OR and NOT (with, or not operator)

SQL AND and OR operators

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The AND&OR operator is used to filter records based on more than one condition, i.e. to combine multiple conditions to reduce the data in sql statements.

Where clauses can be used in conjunction with AND, OR, and NOT operators.

The AND and OR operators are used to filter records based on multiple criteria:

• If all conditions separated by AND are TRUE, the AND operator displays records.
• If you use the AND operator to combine N conditions. F or operations performed by SQL statements, whether transactions or queries, all AND-separated conditions must be TRUE.
  
• If any condition separated by OR is true, the OR operator displays the record.
• If you use the OR operator to combine N conditions. F or operations performed by SQL statements, whether transactions or queries, any of the OR-separated conditions must be TRUE.
  

If the condition is not TRUE, the NOT operator displays the record.

AND syntax

SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 AND condition2 AND condition3 ...;

OR syntax

SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 OR condition2 OR condition3 ...;

NOT syntax

SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE NOT condition;

Demonstrate the database

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In this tutorial, we'll use the famous Northwind sample database.

Here's the data from the Customers table:

CustomerID	CustomerName	ContactName	Address	City	PostalCode	Country
1	Alfreds Futterkiste	Maria Anders	Obere Str. 57	Berlin	12209	Germany
2	Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados	Ana Trujillo	Avda. de la Constitución 2222	México D.F.	05021	Mexico
3	Antonio Moreno Taquería	Antonio Moreno	Mataderos 2312	México D.F.	05023	Mexico
4	Around the Horn	Thomas Hardy	120 Hanover Sq.	London	WA1 1DP	UK
5	Berglunds snabbköp	Christina Berglund	Berguvsvägen 8	Luleå	S-958 22	Sweden

An instance of the AND operator

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The following SQL statement selects all customers whose country is "Germany" and whose city is "Berlin" from the "Customers" table:

An instance of the OR operator

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The following SQL statement selects all the fields of "Customers" for the city of "Berlin" or "München":

An instance of the NOT operator

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The following SQL statement selects all fields in a country that is not "Customers" for "Germany":

SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE NOT Country='Germany';

Combined with AND and AND. OR

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You can also combine AND and OR (using parentheses to form complex expressions).

The following SQL statement selects all customers from the "Customers" table of the country "Germany" and the city is "Berlin" or "München":

Combine AND, OR and NOT

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You can also combine AND, OR and NOT operators.

The following SQL statement selects all fields for a country that is a "customer" of "Germany" and the city must be "Berlin" or "Munich" (a complex expression in parentheses):

Code example:

SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country='Germany' AND (City='Berlin' OR City='München');

The following SQL statement selects all fields from countries that are not "Germany" and are not "USA":

Code example:

SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE NOT Country='Germany' AND NOT Country='USA';

Chapter test

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Now, take a look at how well you know "SQL AND, OR and NOT (with, or not operators)" by using the following topics!

SQL AND, OR operators: In this section of the quiz, you will practice using SQL's AND, OR operators.

Click here to test

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