May 12, 2021 R language tutorial
The box-side test is a statistical method for determining whether there is a significant correlation between two classification variables. T hese two variables should come from the same population, they should be similar - yes/no, male/female, red/green, etc.
For example, we can build a dataset that look at people's ice cream buying patterns and try to associate a person's gender with the taste of their favorite ice cream. I f relevance is found, we can plan the appropriate taste inventory by knowing the number of people visited.
The function used to perform the
chisq.test().
The basic syntax for creating a card square test in the R language is -
chisq.test(data)
The following is a description of the parameters used -
data is data in the form of a table that contains the count values of the variables in the observation.
We'll get Cars93 data in the MASS library, which represents sales of different models of cars in 1993.
library("MASS")
print(str(Cars93))
When we execute the code above, it produces the following results -
'data.frame': 93 obs. of 27 variables: $ Manufacturer : Factor w/ 32 levels "Acura","Audi",..: 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 5 ... $ Model : Factor w/ 93 levels "100","190E","240",..: 49 56 9 1 6 24 54 74 73 35 ... $ Type : Factor w/ 6 levels "Compact","Large",..: 4 3 1 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 ... $ Min.Price : num 12.9 29.2 25.9 30.8 23.7 14.2 19.9 22.6 26.3 33 ... $ Price : num 15.9 33.9 29.1 37.7 30 15.7 20.8 23.7 26.3 34.7 ... $ Max.Price : num 18.8 38.7 32.3 44.6 36.2 17.3 21.7 24.9 26.3 36.3 ... $ MPG.city : int 25 18 20 19 22 22 19 16 19 16 ... $ MPG.highway : int 31 25 26 26 30 31 28 25 27 25 ... $ AirBags : Factor w/ 3 levels "Driver & Passenger",..: 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 ... $ DriveTrain : Factor w/ 3 levels "4WD","Front",..: 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 ... $ Cylinders : Factor w/ 6 levels "3","4","5","6",..: 2 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 5 ... $ EngineSize : num 1.8 3.2 2.8 2.8 3.5 2.2 3.8 5.7 3.8 4.9 ... $ Horsepower : int 140 200 172 172 208 110 170 180 170 200 ... $ RPM : int 6300 5500 5500 5500 5700 5200 4800 4000 4800 4100 ... $ Rev.per.mile : int 2890 2335 2280 2535 2545 2565 1570 1320 1690 1510 ... $ Man.trans.avail : Factor w/ 2 levels "No","Yes": 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 ... $ Fuel.tank.capacity: num 13.2 18 16.9 21.1 21.1 16.4 18 23 18.8 18 ... $ Passengers : int 5 5 5 6 4 6 6 6 5 6 ... $ Length : int 177 195 180 193 186 189 200 216 198 206 ... $ Wheelbase : int 102 115 102 106 109 105 111 116 108 114 ... $ Width : int 68 71 67 70 69 69 74 78 73 73 ... $ Turn.circle : int 37 38 37 37 39 41 42 45 41 43 ... $ Rear.seat.room : num 26.5 30 28 31 27 28 30.5 30.5 26.5 35 ... $ Luggage.room : int 11 15 14 17 13 16 17 21 14 18 ... $ Weight : int 2705 3560 3375 3405 3640 2880 3470 4105 3495 3620 ... $ Origin : Factor w/ 2 levels "USA","non-USA": 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 ... $ Make : Factor w/ 93 levels "Acura Integra",..: 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 9 8 10 ...
The above results show that the data set has many factor variables, which can be considered classified variables. F or our model, we'll consider the variables AirBags and Type. H ere, our goal is to find out any significant correlation between the type of car sold and the type of airbag. I f correlations are observed, we can estimate what type of car can better sell what type of airbags.
# Load the library.
library("MASS")
# Create a data frame from the main data set.
car.data <- data.frame(Cars93$AirBags, Cars93$Type)
# Create a table with the needed variables.
car.data = table(Cars93$AirBags, Cars93$Type)
print(car.data)
# Perform the Chi-Square test.
print(chisq.test(car.data))
When we execute the code above, it produces the following results -
Compact Large Midsize Small Sporty Van
Driver & Passenger 2 4 7 0 3 0
Driver only 9 7 11 5 8 3
None 5 0 4 16 3 6
Pearson's Chi-squared test
data: car.data
X-squared = 33.001, df = 10, p-value = 0.0002723
Warning message:
In chisq.test(car.data) : Chi-squared approximation may be incorrect
The results show that the p-value is less than 0.05, indicating string correlation.