Groovy basic syntax

To understand Groovy's basic syntax, let's first look at a simple Hello World program.

Create your first Hello World program

Create Hello World, you can do this by entering just a few simple lines of code -

class Example {
   static void main(String[] args) {
      // Using a simple println statement to print output to the console
      println('Hello World');
   }
}

When we run the program above, we get the following results -

Hello World

Import a statement in Groovy

Import statements can be used for import, allowing your code to use the functionality of other libraries. T his is done by using the Import keyword.

The following example shows how to use MarkupBuilder's class, which is probably one of the most commonly used to create HTML or XML tags.

import groovy.xml.MarkupBuilder 
def xml = new MarkupBuilder() 

By default, Groovy includes the following libraries in your code, so you don't need to explicitly import them.

import java.lang.* 
import java.util.* 
import java.io.* 
import java.net.* 

import groovy.lang.* 
import groovy.util.* 

import java.math.BigInteger 
import java.math.BigDecimal

Groovy token

A token can be a keyword, an identifier, constant, string text, or symbol.

println(“Hello World”);

In the line of code above, there are two tokens, first the println of the keyword and then the "Hello World" of the string.

Groovy commented

Use comments in your code. G roovy's comments can be single or multiple lines.

A single-line comment is identified using // anywhere on the line. A n example is shown below -

class Example {
   static void main(String[] args) {
      // Using a simple println statement to print output to the console
      println('Hello World');
   }
}

Multi-line comments are identified with the end of the multi-line comments identified at the beginning / s and s/

class Example {
   static void main(String[] args) {
      /* This program is the first program
      This program shows how to display hello world */
      println('Hello World');
   }
}

Semicolon

Like the Java programming language, it needs to have a hymn to distinguish between multiple statements defined by Groovy.

class Example {
   static void main(String[] args) {
      // One can see the use of a semi-colon after each statement
      def x = 5;
      println('Hello World');  
   }
}

The above example shows that the sign uses different lines of code to distinguish between statements.

Identity

Identifiers are used to define variables, functions, or other user-defined variables. T he identifier begins with a letter, using a dollar or underscore. T hey can't start with numbers. H ere are some examples of valid identifiers

def employeename 
def student1 
def student_name

Where DEF is the keyword used to define identifiers in Groovy.

Here's an example of how to use identifiers in our Hello World program.

class Example {
   static void main(String[] args) {
      // One can see the use of a semi-colon after each statement
      def x = 5;
      println('Hello World'); 
   }
}

In the example above, the variable x is used as an identifier.

Keywords

Blank

Blanks are terms used in programming languages such as Java and Groovy to describe spaces, tabs, line breaks, and comments. S paces separate claims from another claim that makes the compiler, one of the elements identified.

For example, in the following code example, there is a gap between the keyword def and variable x. T his is to let the compiler know that DEF needs to be used and that x should be the keyword for the variable name that needs to be defined.

def x = 5;

Text

Text is a symbol that represents a fixed value in groovy. /b20> The Groovy language has signed integers, floats, characters, and strings. H ere are some examples of text in the Groovy programming language -

12 
1.45 
‘a’ 
“aa”