May 11, 2021 Go
Map is a collection of out-of-order key-value pairs. T he most important thing about Map is that the data is retrieved quickly through key, which is similar to an index and points to the value of the data.
Map is a collection, so we can iterate on it like an iterative array and slice. H owever, Map is out of order and we can't determine the order in which it is returned because Map is implemented using hash tables.
You can use the built-in function make or you can use the map keyword to define map:
/* 声明变量,默认 map 是 nil */ var map_variable map[key_data_type]value_data_type /* 使用 make 函数 */ map_variable = make(map[key_data_type]value_data_type)
If you do not initialize the map, an nil map is created. nil map cannot be used to hold key value pairs
The following example demonstrates creating and using map:
package main import "fmt" func main() { var countryCapitalMap map[string]string /* 创建集合 */ countryCapitalMap = make(map[string]string) /* map 插入 key-value 对,各个国家对应的首都 */ countryCapitalMap["France"] = "Paris" countryCapitalMap["Italy"] = "Rome" countryCapitalMap["Japan"] = "Tokyo" countryCapitalMap["India"] = "New Delhi" /* 使用 key 输出 map 值 */ for country := range countryCapitalMap { fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",countryCapitalMap[country]) } /* 查看元素在集合中是否存在 */ captial, ok := countryCapitalMap["United States"] /* 如果 ok 是 true, 则存在,否则不存在 */ if(ok){ fmt.Println("Capital of United States is", captial) }else { fmt.Println("Capital of United States is not present") } }
The above examples run as:
Capital of France is Paris Capital of Italy is Rome Capital of Japan is Tokyo Capital of India is New Delhi Capital of United States is not present
The delete() function is used to remove elements of the collection, the parameter is map and its corresponding key. Here's an example:
package main import "fmt" func main() { /* 创建 map */ countryCapitalMap := map[string] string {"France":"Paris","Italy":"Rome","Japan":"Tokyo","India":"New Delhi"} fmt.Println("原始 map") /* 打印 map */ for country := range countryCapitalMap { fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",countryCapitalMap[country]) } /* 删除元素 */ delete(countryCapitalMap,"France"); fmt.Println("Entry for France is deleted") fmt.Println("删除元素后 map") /* 打印 map */ for country := range countryCapitalMap { fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",countryCapitalMap[country]) } }
The above examples run as:
原始 map Capital of France is Paris Capital of Italy is Rome Capital of Japan is Tokyo Capital of India is New Delhi Entry for France is deleted 删除元素后 map Capital of Italy is Rome Capital of Japan is Tokyo Capital of India is New Delhi