Apache Maven POM

May 26, 2021 Maven

Maven - POM

The POM represents the engineering object model. I t is a basic set-up that works with Maven and is an xml file. It is placed in the root of the project and the file is named pom .xml.

POM contains information about the project and various configuration details that Maven uses to build the project.

PoM also contains targets and plug-ins. W hen a task or target is executed, Maven looks for the POM in the current directory, reads the required configuration information from it, and then executes the target. Some of the configurations that can be set up in the POM are as follows:

project dependencies
plugins
goals
build profiles
project version
developers
mailing list

Before we create a POM, we first determine the group Id, its name (artifactId) and version, and these properties are the unique identification of the project in the repository.

POM, for example

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

   <groupId>com.companyname.project-group</groupId>
   <artifactId>project</artifactId>
   <version>1.0</version>

</project>

It should be noted that each project should have only one POM file.

All POM files require project elements and three required fields: groupId, artifactId, version.
The project in the warehouse is identified as groupId:artifactId:version
The root .xml the POM is project, which has three main child nodes:

Node	Describe
groupId	This is the identification of the engineering group. I t is usually unique in an organization or project. For example, a banking organization, com.company.bank, owns all bank-related projects.
artifactId	This is the logo of the project. I t is usually the name of the project. F or example, consumer banking. GroupId and artifactId together define artifact's location in the repository.
version	This is the version number of the project. I n artifact's repository, it is used to distinguish between different versions. For example: com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.0 com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.1.

Super POM

All POMs are inherited from a parent POM, whether or not the parent POM is explicitly defined. The parent POM, also known as Super POM, contains some default settings that can be inherited.

Maven uses effective pom (Super pom plus engineering its own configuration) to perform related goals, which help developers do as few configurations as possible in pom.xml, which can be easily rewritten.

An easy way to view the Default configuration of Super POM is to execute the following command: mvn help:effective-pom

Create a pom file in any directory on .xml computer, using the example pom mentioned above.

In the following example, we C:\MVN\project in the C:?MVN.xml directory.

Now open the command console and execute the following mvn .xml directory where the pom is located.

C:\MVN\project>mvn help:effective-pom

Maven will start processing and display the effective-pom.

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'help'.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Unnamed - com.companyname.project-group:project-name:jar:1.0
[INFO]    task-segment: [help:effective-pom] (aggregator-style)
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [help:effective-pom {execution: default-cli}]
[INFO]

.....

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: < 1 second
[INFO] Finished at: Thu Jul 05 11:41:51 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 6M/15M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

The result of The Effective POM, as shown in the console, is inherited, interpoled, and the configuration takes effect.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ================================================================= -->
<!--                                                                   -->
<!-- Generated by Maven Help Plugin on 2012-07-05T11:41:51             -->
<!-- See: http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-help-plugin/           -->
<!--                                                                   -->
<!-- ================================================================= -->

<!-- ================================================================= -->
<!--                                                                   -->
<!-- Effective POM for project                                         -->
<!-- 'com.companyname.project-group:project-name:jar:1.0'              -->
<!--                                                                   -->
<!-- ================================================================= -->

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/
2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 h
ttp://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.companyname.project-group</groupId>
  <artifactId>project</artifactId>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <build>
    <sourceDirectory>C:\MVN\project\src\main\java</sourceDirectory>
    <scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>C:\MVN\project\src\test\java</testSourceDirectory>
    <outputDirectory>C:\MVN\project\target\classes</outputDirectory>
    <testOutputDirectory>C:\MVN\project\target\test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <mergeId>resource-0</mergeId>
        <directory>C:\MVN\project\src\main\resources</directory>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <testResources>
      <testResource>
        <mergeId>resource-1</mergeId>
        <directory>C:\MVN\project\src\test\resources</directory>
      </testResource>
    </testResources>
    <directory>C:\MVN\project\target</directory>
    <finalName>project-1.0</finalName>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>1.3</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2-beta-2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.4</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-ear-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.3.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-ejb-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-plugin-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.4.3</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-rar-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.0-beta-8</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.3</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.0-beta-7</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.0.4</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.4.3</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.1-alpha-2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-help-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.1</version>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>
      <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <releases>
        <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
      </releases>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Maven Plugin Repository</name>
      <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>
  <reporting>
    <outputDirectory>C:\MVN\project\target/site</outputDirectory>
  </reporting>
</project>

In the pom.xml above, you can see the default engineering source directory structure, output directory, required plug-in, repository, and report directory that Maven needs to use to execute the target.

Maven's pom .xml not need to be written manually.

Maven offers a number of prototype plug-ins to create projects, including engineering structures and pom .xml.

For more information, refer to the Maven - Plug-in and Maven - Create Engineering section.

Apache Maven POM

Table of contents

Maven - POM

POM, for example

Super POM

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